图书简介
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed and systematically updated the system of radiological protection, which now recommends optimisation of protection measures within or guided by appropriate restrictions, such as dose constraints or reference levels, in all circumstances. This applies to all exposure situations (planned, emergency and existing) and all categories of exposure (occupational, medical, and public). Optimisation of protection is intended to reduce exposures to levels that are as low as reasonably achievable, economic and societal considerations being taken into account, and to manage medical exposures commensurate with the medical purpose.
Part I: Basic Principles \\ 1. IntroductionYang-chih Fu, Dominique Joye, Tom W. Smith and Christof Wolf \\ 2. Survey standardsTom W. Smith \\ 3. Total survey error: a paradigm for survey methodologyLars E. Lyberg and Herbert F. Weisberg \\ 4. Challenges of comparative survey researchTimothy P. Johnson and Michael Braun \\ Part II: Surveys and Societies \\ 5. Surveys and societyClaire Durand \\ 6. Defining and assessing survey climateGeert Loosveldt and Dominique Joye \\ 7. Ethical issues of survey and market researchKathy Joe, Finn Raben and Adam Phillips \\ 8. Observations on the historical development of pollingKathleen A. Frankovic \\ Part III: Planning a Survey \\ 9. Research question and designs for survey researchBen Jann and Thomas Hinz \\ 10. Total survey error paradigm in practicePaul P. Biemer \\ 11. Survey mode or survey modes?Edith de Leeuw and Jernej Berzelak \\ 12. Surveying in multi-cultural and multi-national contextsBeth-Ellen Pennell and Kristen Cibelli-Hibben \\ 13. Surveys in societies in turmoilZeina N. Mneimneh, Beth-Ellen Pennell, Jennifer Kelley and Kristen Cibelli-Hibben \\ Part IV: Measurement \\ 14. The meaning of measurement in a survey contextJaak Billiet \\ 15. Cognitive models of answering processesKristen Miller and Gordon B. Willis \\ 16. Designing questions and questionnairesJolene D. Smyth \\ 17. Creating a good question: how to use cumulative experienceMelanie Revilla, Diana Zavala and Willem Saris \\ 18. Designing a mixed-mode surveyDon A. Dillman and Michelle L. Edwards \\ 19. Translation measurement instruments for cross-cultural surveysDorothée Behr and Kuniaki Shishido \\ 20. When translation does not help: Background variables in comparative surveysDominique Joye, Silke Schneider and Christof Wolf \\ Part V: Sampling \\ 21. Basics of sampling for survey researchYves Tillé and Alina Matei \\ 22. Nonprobability samplingVasja Vehovar, Vera Toepoel and Stephanie Steinmetz \\ 23. Challenges of sampling for comparative surveysSiegfried Gabler and Sabine Häder \\ Part VI: Data Collection \\ 24. Questionnaire pretestingGordon B. Willis \\ 25. Survey fieldworkAnnelies G. Blom \\ 26. Responsive and adaptive designsFrançois Laflamme and James Wagner \\ 27. Unit nonresponseIneke A. L. Stoop \\ 28. Incentives as a possible measure to increase response ratesMichèle Ernst Stähli and Dominique Joye \\ Part VII: Preparing Data for Use \\ 29. Documenting surveys across the data life cycleMary Vardigan, Peter Granda and Lynette Hoelter \\ 30. Weighting: principles and practicalitiesPierre Lavallée and Jean-François Beaumont \\ 31. Analysis of data from stratified and clustered surveysStephanie Eckman and Brady T. West \\ 32. Anonymization and analytical potential: finding the optimal balanceHeike Wirth \\ 33. Harmonizing questions and data in comparative surveysDorothée Behr, Dominique Joye, Silke Schneider and Christof Wolf \\ Part VIII: Assessing and Improving Data Quality \\ 34. Survey data quality and measurement precisionDuane F. Alwin \\ 35. Nonresponse error: detection and correctionJelke Bethlehem and Barry Schouten \\ 36. Response styles in surveys: understanding their causes and mitigating their impactCaroline Roberts \\ 37. Dealing with missing valuesMartin Spiess \\ 38. A fresh look at survey data qualityVictor Thiessen and Jörg Blasius \\ 39. Assessment of cross-cultural comparabilityJan Cieciuch, Eldad Davidov, Peter Schmidt and René Algesheimer \\ Part IX: Further Issues \\ 40. Data preservation, secondary analysis, replication: learning from existing dataLynette Hoelter, Amy Pienta and Jared Lyle \\ 41. Record linkageRainer Schnell \\ 42. Supplementing cross-national surveys with contextual dataJessica Fortin-Rittberger, David Howell, Stephen Quinlan and Bojan Todosijevic \\ 43. Globalization of surveysTom W. Smith and Yang-chih Fu
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