In mental health fields, a formulation is a hypothesis about how someone comes to be the way they are; using that definition, a psychodynamic formulation is a hypothesis about how the unconscious forces that guide our thoughts, feelings and behaviours are developed over a lifetime. Formulations are critical for conducting psychotherapy - they guide the goals, techniques and even the words that the clinician uses. For years, there were few clear guidelines for how to construct a psychodynamic formulation. Deborah Cabaniss wrote the first edition of Psychodynamic Formulation to offer trainees and seasoned clinicians in all mental health fields a clear, operationalized approach to creating and using psychodynamic formulations. The method operationalises formulating into three steps: Describing, Reviewing, and Linking. First, we describe the persons problems and patterns; second we review the lifetime history; and finally we link the history to what weve described in order to form a narrative about how development has blended nature and nurture to produce the mental life of the person with whom we are working. Using this method has helped people to systematically think about the way that people develop and how to help them with psychodynamic psychotherapy. The author realised, however, that she had not attended enough to the way that peoples perceptions of their race, gender and sexuality become internalized and part of their mental life. The field and the world have changed, and psychodynamic psychotherapy must respond to that change. For too long, culture and its effect on the individual has been considered to be outside of mental life. It is clear that a persons sense of their race, gender and sexuality is being shaped from the first moments of life and that these become part of our unconscious life. The authors primary goal in this 2nd edition is to modify their model to make socialization - the mechanism by which we internalize and interact with culture, particularly with respect to race, gender and sexuality - a central part of the psychodynamic formulation of every patient.

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