This book explores the rapidly changing seaweed industry in Indonesia, the largest global producer of carrageenan-bearing seaweeds. Seaweed production in Indonesia has grown exponentially over the last twenty years, and rural communities across the country have embraced this new livelihood activity. This book begins with an examination of the global carrageenan seaweed industry, from the global market for carrageenan in processed foods across the world, to the national and regional contexts in Indonesia across which it is farmed, processed, and traded. It then explores the ways that rural communities have reshaped their lives around seaweed production, with chapters on agrarian transformations, negotiations over access to sea space, farmer decision-making in presence of environmental, social and economic constraints, the role of women and casual labourers in the industry, and the marketing of seaweed through social networks. Based on a multi-disciplinary research initiative, this book demonstrates the interrelatedness of environmental, social and economic dynamics on seaweed production, processing and trade, and argues for key policy interventions to support the sustainable development of the industry in the context of climate change. It also provides a lens for understanding and improving the broader processes of sustainable rural development in a rapidly globalising and commercialising world. 

Introduction Zannie Langford PART I: Globalisation and the Indonesian seaweed industry Chapter 1. The global carrageenan industry Jing Zhang, Zannie Langford and Scott Waldron Chapter 2. The Indonesian seaweed industry Scott Waldron, Zannie Langford, Syamsul Pasaribu, Nunung Nuryartono, Boedi Julianto and Irsyadi Siradjuddin Chapter 3. The South Sulawesi seaweed industry Radhiyah Ruhon, Scott Waldron, Zannie Langford, Adam Komarek, Jing Zhang and Eko Cahyadi PART II: Livelihood transformations Chapter 4. Export commodity frontiers and the transformation of village life Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra and Risya Arsyi Armis Chapter 5. From communal access to private ownership: Negotiating rights to the sea Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra, Risya Arsyi Armis and Imran Lapong Chapter 6. Environmental and socio-economic constraints to marine farming. Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra, Imran Lapong and Risya Arsyi Armis Chapter 7. Farmer decision-making Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra, Imran Lapong and Risya Arsyi Armis Chapter 8. Gendered work and casual labour in the Indonesian seaweed industry Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra, Risya Arsyi Armis and Imran Lapong Chapter 9. Seaweed marketing: Village-based traders as financial and market intermediaries Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra, Risya Arsyi Armis and Imran Lapong Conclusion Zannie Langford