图书简介

Preface \\ Acknowledgments \\ About the Authors \\ Chapter 1 • Overview \\ General Perspectives on Measurement \\ Historical Origins of Measurement in Social  Science \\ Later Developments in Measurement \\ The Role of Measurement in the Social Sciences \\ Summary and Preview \\ Exercises \\ Chapter 2 • Understanding the Latent Variable \\ Constructs Versus Measures \\ Latent Variable as the Presumed Cause of Scale Item Values \\ Path Diagrams \\ Further Elaboration of the Measurement  Model \\ Parallel Tests \\ Alternative Models \\ Choosing a Causal Model \\ Exercises \\ Note \\ Chapter 3 • Scale Reliability \\ Methods Based on the Analysis of Variance \\ Continuous Versus Dichotomous Items \\ Internal Consistency \\ Coefficient Alpha \\ Remedies to Alpha’s Limitations \\ Coefficient Omega (?) \\ Reliability Based on Correlations Between Scale Scores \\ Reliability and Statistical Power \\ Generalizability Theory \\ Summary \\ Exercises \\ Notes \\ Chapter 4 • Scale Validity \\ Content Validity \\ Criterion-Related Validity \\ Construct Validity \\ What About Face Validity? \\ Exercises \\ Chapter 5 • Guidelines in Scale Development \\ Step 1: Determine Clearly What It Is You Want to Measure \\ Step 2: Generate an Item Pool \\ Step 3: Determine the Format for Measurement \\ Step 4: Have Initial Item Pool Reviewed by  Experts \\ Step 5: Cognitive Interviewing \\ Step 6: Consider Inclusion of Validation  Items \\ Step 7: Administer Items to a Development  Sample \\ Step 8: Evaluate the Items \\ Step 9: Optimize Scale Length \\ Exercises \\ Note \\ Chapter 6 • Factor Analysis \\ Overview of Factor Analysis \\ Conceptual Description of Factor Analysis \\ Bifactor and Hierarchical Factor Models \\ Interpreting Factors \\ Principal Components Versus Common  Factors \\ Confirmatory Factor Analysis \\ Using Factor Analysis in Scale Development \\ Sample Size \\ Conclusion \\ Exercises \\ Chapter 7 • The Index \\ How an Index Differs From a Scale \\ Rules of Thumb for Differentiating an Index From a Scale \\ Is It a Scale or an Index? Formal Methods for Distinguishing Effect and Causal Indicators \\ Steps in Developing and Evaluating an  Index \\ Hybrid Measures \\ Methods Based on Structural Equation Modeling \\ Criticisms of Index Composites \\ Exercises \\ Note \\ Chapter 8 • An Overview of Item Response Theory \\ Item Difficulty \\ Item Discrimination \\ Guessing, or False Positives \\ Item-Characteristic Curves \\ IRT Applied to Multiresponse Items \\ Exercises \\ Chapter 9 • Measurement in the Broader Research Context \\ Before Scale Development \\ After Scale Administration \\ Final Thoughts \\ Exercise \\ References

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