图书简介
This comprehensively updated second edition features major revisions, 24 new chapters and more than 40 new authors, reflecting both the advances and key challenges within the field. Offering a systematic guide to the management of children and adults with severe traumatic brain injury throughout the entire chain of care, it includes evidence-based recommendations for each diagnostic and therapeutic measure, together with tips, tricks and pitfalls. The authors are all highly experienced clinicians and researchers who work with neurotrauma patients on a daily basis, and the editors represent the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee.The book helps professionals provide more systematic and higher-quality care in prehospital settings, primary hospitals, neurosurgical departments, neurointensive care units, and rehabilitation facilities. It is intended for all healthcare personnel involved in the multidisciplinary management of patients with head injuries, especially those in emergency care, neurosurgery, anesthesiology, radiology, and rehabilitation.
Introduction.- Part I Traumatic brain injury as a public health problem.- Epidemiological aspects.- Challenges in low- and middle income countries.- Challenges in the elderly.- Challenges in children.- Biomechanics and prevention.- Part II Classification and assessment.- Pathophysiology of severe traumatic brain injury.- Classification of head injury.- Primary clinical assessment.- Part III Prehospital management.- Prehospital guidelines.- What the neurosurgeon and the trauma team want to know: what, who, when, and where?.- Transportation.- Part IV Admission, diagnostics and planning.- The trauma team concept.- Trauma protocol (ABCDE).- Hospital response to mass casualty incidents.- Cervical spine injury.- Blast-induced injury.- Radiological evaluation of head trauma.- Radiological evaluation of cervical spine trauma.- Blood samples.- To treat or not to treat in the acute setting (withholding) and withdrawal of treatment.- Potential organ donor: organ donor management.- Ethical aspects and communication.- Part V Acute surgical treatment.- Basic trauma craniotomy.- Surgical management of traumatic intracranial haematomas.- Surgical management of penetrating brain injuries.- Decompressive craniectomy.- Skull fractures.- Vessel injuries.- Insertion of intracranial monitoring devices.- Maxillofacial fractures.- Considerations in patients with concomitant cervical spine injuries.- Soft tissue injuries.- Surgery outside neurosurgical units.- Planning of cranial and extracranial surgery in multitraumatised patients.- Part VI Perioperative anaesthesia.- Choice of anaesthesia, drugs and medications.- Blood pressure, CO2 and oxygen saturation.- Intracranial pressure reduction.- Part VII Monitoring in neurointensive careSecondary clinical assessment.- A wake-up test in the neurointensive care management of patients with severe TBI: pros and cons.- Intracranial pressure (ICP):Theoretical and practical aspects.- Brain tissue oxygen monitoring.- Monitoring microdialysis.- Jugular bulb measurements (SJVO2).- Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate (CMR).- Transcranial Doppler (TCD).- Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or cerebral oximetry.- Clinical Neurophysiology: Evoked Potentials.- Clinical Neurophysiology: Continous EEG Monitoring.- Imaging of severe traumatic brain injury in the neurointensive care unit.- Serum protein biomarkers in the management of severe traumatic brain injury.- Cardiopulmonary aspects.- Renal aspects.- Neuroendocrine aspects.- Part VIII Treatment in neurointensive care.- Guidelines for treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury.- The Lund therapy: a physiological approach.- Pharmacological neuroprotection.- Subacute surgery in neurointensive care.- Management of extracranial injuries.- CSF Drainage.- Hyperventilation.- Osmotherapy.- Barbiturates for ICP management.- Management of fluid and electrolyte disturbances.- Sedation: including pain treatment and withdrawal symptoms.- Nutrition.- Management of CNS-related infection.- Management of extracranial infections.- Temperature management.- Seizures.- Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.- Prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism.- Coagulopathy (bleeding tendency).- Corticosteroids.- Management of acute psychiatric problems.- Part IX Rehabilitation and follow-up.- Rehabilitation after severe TBI.- Long-term follow-up.- Part X Outcome and prognosis.- General overview.- Somatic consequences.- Neuropsychiatric consequences.- Neuropsychological perspectives.- Neurosurgical challenges.- Minimally conscious and vegetative state.- Specific peadiatric concerns.- Socioeconomic consequences.- Subacute MR Imaging: Traumatic axonal injury, brain stem lesions and prognostic factors.- Neurodegeneration and dementia.- Part XI Research in severe TBI.- The neurointensive care unit as a platform for advanced clinical research.- Current state-of-the-art in neurotrauma research.- Index
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