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Preface xi 1 Fabrication Methods for Bulk Amorphous Alloys 1 Marcin Nabia?ek 1.1 Production Methods of Amorphous Materials 2 1.1.1 Initial Preparation for the Production of Amorphous Materials 2 1.1.2 The Single-Wheel Melt-Spinning Method 3 1.1.3 Suction-Casting Method 6 1.1.4 Injection-Casting Method 7 1.1.5 Centrifugal Force Method 8 1.1.6 Mechanical Synthesis 8 1.1.7 The Drop Method (Metal Granulation) 10 1.1.8 Water Quenching Method 11 1.2 Applications of the Amorphous Alloys 11 1.2.1 First Commercial Applications of the Bulk Amorphous Alloys 12 1.2.2 Jewelry 12 1.2.3 Electrical and Electronic Technology Engineering 14 1.2.4 Sports Equipment 15 1.2.5 Electrical and Electronic Technology 16 1.2.6 Microelectromechanical Systems MEMS 18 1.2.7 Medicine 18 1.2.8 Military Equipment, Munitions 20 References 21 2 Designing Corrosion-Resistant Alloys 27 Jairo M. Cordeiro, Bruna E. Nagay, Mathew T. Mathew and Valentim A. R. Barao 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Alloy Design for Corrosion Resistance 28 2.2.1 Role of Composition in Corrosion-Resistant Alloys 28 2.2.2 Influence of Alloy Microstructure on Corrosion Behavior 30 2.2.3 Manufacturing Process to Develop Corrosion-Resistant Alloys 32 2.3 Final Considerations 34 References 34 3 Ni-Co-W Alloys: Influence of Operational Process Conditions on Their Electroplating 39 Josiel Martins Costa, Daniella Goncalves Portela and Ambrosio Florencio de Almeida Neto 3.1 Introduction 40 3.2 Metallic Alloys 41 3.2.1 Nickel Alloys 42 3.2.2 Tungsten Alloys 43 3.2.3 Cobalt Alloys 45 3.3 Ni-Co-W Alloys 46 3.4 Operational Parameters in the Electrodeposition of Alloys 51 3.4.1 Temperature 51 3.4.2 Rotating Cathode 53 3.4.3 Current Density 53 3.4.4 Bath Composition and pH 54 3.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 55 References 56 4 Synthesis and Characterization of Al-Mg-Ti-B Alloy 61 Hasan Eskalen, Hakan Yayka?l? and Musa Goegebakan 4.1 Introduction 62 4.2 Experimental 62 4.3 Results and Discussions 63 4.4 Conclusion 70 Acknowledgments 71 References 71 5 Magnetic Alloy Materials, Properties and Applications 73 N. Suresh Kumar, R. Padma Suvarna, K. Chandra Babu Naidu, M.S.S.R.K.N. Sarma, Ramyakrishna Pothu and Rajender Boddula 5.1 Introduction 73 5.2 Types of Magnetic Materials 76 5.2.1 Soft Magnetic Materials 76 5.2.2 Hard Magnetic Materials 77 5.3 Magnetic Alloy Materials 78 5.4 Conclusions 86 References 87 6 Microstructural Characterization of Ball Milled Co60Fe18Ti18Nb4 Alloys and Their Photocatalytic Performance 91 Hasan Eskalen, Serhan Uru?, Hakan Yayka?l? and Musa Goegebakan 6.1 Introduction 92 6.2 Experimental 93 6.2.1 Mechanical Alloying 93 6.2.2 Characterization 93 6.2.3 Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Blue 94 6.3 Results and Discussion 94 6.3.1 Characterization 94 6.3.2 Photocatalytic Studies 98 6.4 Conclusions 100 References 101 7 A Narrative Insight on the Biocompatibility Issues for Dental Alloys and Other Materials 105 Sukriti Yadav and Swati Gangwar 7.1 Introduction 106 7.2 Detrimental Effect of Dental Restoratives: Irritation, Toxicity, Allergy, and Mutagenicity 107 7.3 Absorption Routes of Toxic Substances Released From Fental Restorations 108 7.4 Toxicity of Frequently Used Dental Restoratives 109 7.4.1 Dental Silver Amalgams 109 7.4.2 Glass Ionomer Cements 110 7.4.3 Resin-Based Composites 112 7.5 Factors Affecting the Degradation Process of Resin-Based Dental Restoratives 114 7.5.1 Saliva Constituents 114 7.5.2 Masticatory Forces 115 7.5.3 Thermal and Chemical Nutrient Variations 115 7.5.4 Oral Microorganism 116 7.6 Conclusion 116 References 117 8 Technological Advances in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing for Surface Treatment of Alloys and Ceramics 123 Rajneesh Kumar Singh, Swati Gangwar and D.K. Singh 8.1 Introduction 124 8.2 Classification of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process 126 8.2.1 Magnetic Field Generated by Permanent Magnet 126 8.2.2 Magnetic Field Generated by Static-Direct Current 126 8.2.3 Magnetic Field Generated by Pulsed-Direct Current 136 8.2.4 Magnetic Field Generated by Alternating Current 137 8.3 Major Areas of Experimental Research in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing 138 8.3.1 Process Parameters and Their Influence on Surface Roughness and Material Removal 138 8.3.2 Process Parameters and Their Influence on Finishing Forces and Surface Temperature 143 8.3.3 Study of Magnetic Abrasive Particles and Its Effect on Performance Parameters 144 8.4 Major Areas of Theoretical Research in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing 147 8.4.1 Finite Element Analysis of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing 147 8.4.2 Process Optimization of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing 149 8.5 Hybrid Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process 150 8.6 Conclusion 153 References 153 9 Alloy Materials for Biomedical Applications 159 Bruna Egumi Nagay, Jairo Matozinho Cordeiro and Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barao 9.1 Overview of Biomedical Alloys 159 9.2 The Key Properties Required for Biomedical Alloys 161 9.2.1 Mechanical Properties 161 9.2.2 Corrosion Resistance 164 9.2.3 Biological Properties 165 9.2.3.1 Biocompatibility 165 9.2.3.2 Osseointegration 166 9.2.3.3 Hemocompatibility and Antibacterial Activity 166 9.2.3.4 Biodegradability 167 9.3 Commonly Used Biomedical Alloys 167 9.3.1 Stainless Steel 168 9.3.2 Cobalt Alloys 169 9.3.3 Titanium and Its Alloys 171 9.3.4 Zirconium Alloys 172 9.3.5 Tantalum and Niobium Alloys 173 9.3.6 Biodegradable Magnesium, Iron, and Zinc-Based Alloys 174 9.4 Conclusions 176 References 176 10 Alloys for K-Ion Batteries 191 Sapna Raghav, Pallavi Jain, Praveen Kumar Yadav and Dinesh Kumar 10.1 Introduction 192 10.2 Anodes 193 10.2.1 Titanium-Based Alloy 193 10.2.2 Niobium-Based Alloy 194 10.2.3 Manganese-Based Alloy 194 10.2.4 Tungsten-Based Alloy 194 10.2.5 Iron-Based Alloy 195 10.2.6 Nickel-Based Alloy 195 10.2.7 Zinc-Based Alloy 196 10.2.8 Lead-Based Alloy 196 10.2.9 Tin-Based Alloy 197 10.2.10 Antimony-Based Alloy 199 10.2.11 Bismuth-Based Electrode 201 10.2.11.1 Bismuth Oxychloride Nanoflake Assemblies 202 10.2.12 Phosphorus-Based Alloy 202 10.2.13 Germanium-Based Alloy 203 10.3 Alloys for Cathode 203 10.3.1 Cobalt-Based Alloy 203 10.3.2 Vanadium-Based Alloy 203 10.3.3 Iron-Based Alloy 204 10.3.4 Manganese-Based Alloy 205 10.4 Conclusion 206 Abbreviations 206 Acknowledgment 206 References 207 11 Shape Memory Alloys 213 Josephine S. Ruth D. and Glory Rebekah S. D. 11.1 Introduction 213 11.2 Evolution of Shape Memory Alloy 214 11.3 Classification of SMA 216 11.3.1 One-Way Shape Memory Effect (OWSME) 218 11.3.2 Two-Way Shape Memory Effect (TWSME) 219 11.4 Pseudo-Elasticity or Super-Elasticity (SE) 220 11.5 Biasing Configurations 221 References 223 Index 225

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