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Editor Biographies xxiii List of Contributors xxvii Preface xxxiii Part I Fundamentals and Framework 1 1 Introduction to Sustainability and Sustainable Development 3 Prangya R. Rout, Akshaya K. Verma, Puspendu Bhunia, Rao Y. Surampalli, Tian C. Zhang, R.D. Tyagi, S.K. Brar, and M.K. Goyal 1.1 Background and Definition 3 1.2 Basic Concepts and Issues 4 1.3 Evolution of Sustainability and Sustainable Development 7 1.4 Challenges and Solutions 8 1.5 Adaptation and Resilience 8 1.6 Economic, Ecological, Social, Technological and Systems Perspectives 13 1.7 Conclusions 16 References 17 2 The Need, Role and Significance of Sustainability 21 Anita Talan, A.N. Pathak, and R.D. Tyagi 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Three Pillars of Sustainability 21 2.3 Primary Goals of Sustainability 27 2.4 Significance of Sustainability 34 2.5 Challenges Toward Sustainability 35 2.6 Sustainable Future 39 2.7 Conclusions 39 References 40 3 Sustainable Development: Dimensions, Intersections and Knowledge Platform 43 Pritee Sharma and Kanak Singh 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Understanding Complex Systems 44 3.3 Dimensions of Sustainable Development: Economic Dimension 47 3.4 Dimensions of Sustainable Development: Environmental Dimension 53 3.5 Dimensions of Sustainable Development: Social Dimension 56 3.6 Mapping Social Development Through Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 58 3.7 Sustainable Development Indicators 60 3.8 Exploring Knowledge Systems for Sustainability 61 3.9 Conclusion 65 References 65 4 Measurement of Sustainability 69 Rajneesh Singh, Akash Kumar Gupta, Puspendu Bhunia, Rao Y. Surampalli, Tian C. Zhang, Pengzhi Lin, and Yu Chen 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Types and Choice of Indicators 70 4.3 Framework of Lifecycle-Based Sustainability Metrics 72 4.4 Technological Aspects of Supply Chain and Process Sustainability 73 4.5 Sustainable Economy Indices 74 4.6 Environmental Indicator for Manufacturing Competitiveness 75 4.7 Monitoring and Evaluation Processes 77 4.8 Conclusion 79 References 79 5 Sustainable Impact Assessment 83 L.R. Kumar, Anita Talan and R.D. Tyagi 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 Types of Impact Assessment (IA) 83 5.3 Sustainable Impact Assessment (SIA) 86 5.4 Advantages of Conducting Sustainable Impact Assessment 89 5.5 Recent Evolution of Impact Assessment 90 5.6 Different Approaches of SIA 91 5.7 Determining Criteria for Sustainability 93 5.8 Procedure to Follow Impact Assessment 94 5.9 ToSIA - Software Tool for Sustainable Impact Assessment 99 5.10 Case Studies for Use of Sustainable Impact Assessment 103 5.10.1 Sustainable Impact Assessment in International Trade Negotiations 103 5.10.2 Watershed Program Case Study 104 5.11 Conclusions 106 References 107 6 Analytical Tools and Methodologies to Evaluate Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations with Special Reference to Asia 111 Gamini Herath 6.1 Introduction 111 6.2 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations 112 6.3 Planning and Decision Making Methodologies for the Sustainable Development Goals 112 6.4 Tools to Tackle Interlinked Goals and Policy Incoherence 113 6.5 Carrying Capacity (CC) 116 6.6 Evalution Models Under Uncertainty 117 6.7 Adaptive Management 119 6.8 Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) 119 6.9 Multiattribute Utility Theory 121 6.10 Conclusions 124 References 124 7 Resilience Engineering and Quantification for Sustainable Systems 129 Anita Talan, Bhoomika Yadav, L.R. Kumar, and R.D. Tyagi 129 7.1 Introduction 129 7.2 Resilience and Sustainability: Definitions, Differences and Similarities 130 7.3 Technical Purposes of Resilience Engineering 132 7.4 Resilience Assessment Approaches 133 7.5 Indicators for Quantifying Successful Resilience and Sustainability 138 7.6 Some Resilient Systems and Associated Codes/Standards 140 7.7 Communal Resilience and Built Environment Sustainability 144 7.8 Risk Analysis and Resilience 149 7.9 Integration of Sustainability and Resilience 151 7.10 Conclusions 152 References 154 Part II Dimensions and Different Aspects 157 8 Economic Development and Sustainability 159 L.R. Kumar, Anita Talan, and R.D. Tyagi 8.1 Introduction 159 8.3 Indicators for Economic Development 160 8.4 Economic Development for Sustainability 162 8.5 Economic Policies for Sustainable Development 167 8.6 Economic Development and Environment 170 8.7 Economic Analysis of Sustainable Development 174 8.8 Future Directions for Achieving Economic Sustainable Development 177 8.9 Conclusions 178 References 179 9 Social Dimensions of Sustainability 183 Anita Talan, R.D. Tyagi, and Rao Y. Surampalli 9.1 Introduction 183 9.2 Concepts and Definitions of Social Sustainability 184 9.3 Social Sustainability 185 9.4 Dimensions of Social Sustainability 188 9.5 Gaps in Dimensions of Social Sustainability 193 9.6 Research-based Policies and Federal Perspective Toward Social Sustainability 195 9.7 Social Sustainability - an Integrated Approach 200 9.8 Safety and Security 202 9.9 Future Perspective and Conclusions 203 References 204 10 Social Engineering and Sustainability: Revisiting Popper’s \"Piecemeal Approach\" 207 Neeraj Mishra 10.1 Introduction 207 10.2 Emergence of Sustainability on the Global Agenda 208 10.3 Concept of Social Engineering 209 10.4 Karl Popper’s Description of Social Engineering 211 10.5 Social Engineering as a Tool for Sustainable Development 214 10.6 Promoting Sustainable Consumption and Bio?Politics of Sustainability 217 10.7 Social Engineering, Sustainability and Industrial Production 221 10.8 Conclusions 224 References 225 11 Environment Modeling for Sustainable Development 229 Lalit Borana, Bhaskar Jyoti Deka, Jiaxin Guo, and Alicia Kyoungjin An 11.1 Introduction 229 11.2 Environmental Indicators in the Context of Sustainable Development 231 11.3 Overview of Sustainable Development 235 11.4 Role of Sustainability in Environmental Development 237 11.5 Case Studies: Sustainability Management 241 11.6 Modeling of Sustainability 246 11.7 Modeling Tools for Sustainable Development Policies: Vision 2030 - United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 249 11.8 Summary 251 References 251 12 Biodiversity and Sustainability 255 Akshaya K. Verma, Prangya R. Rout, Eunseok Lee, Puspendu Bhunia, Jaeho Bae, Rao Y. Surampalli, Tian C. Zhang, Rajeshwar D. Tyagi, Pengzhi Lin, and Yu Chen 12.1 Introduction 255 12.2 Threats to Biodiversity 257 12.3 Role of Biodiversity in Sustainable Development 268 12.4 Trends of Biodiversity 269 12.5 Conclusions 270 References 271 13 Sustainability of Ecosystem Services (ESs) 277 Carlos S. Osorio?Gonzalez, Niranjan Suralikerimath, Krishnamoorthy Hegde, and Satinder K. Brar 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 Historical Evolution of Ecosystem Services Definition 278 13.3 Framework for Assessing Ecosystem Services 280 13.4 Utilization of Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Development 281 13.5 Recent Advances in Mapping and Measuring Multiple Services 283 13.6 Possible Approaches for Sustainable Use of Ecosystem Services 284 13.7 Challenge and Interlinkage Themes for Researchers 287 13.8 Future Directions and Conclusions 288 References 289 14 Sustainable Infrastructure 295 Gilbert Hinge, Rao Y. Surampalli, and Manish Kumar Goyal 14.1 Infrastructure An Introduction 295 14.2 Mitigation Policies 299 14.3 Strategic Environmental Assessment 301 14.4 Recycling Reuse and Reclamation 304 14.5 Reverse Logistics 305 14.6 Deconstruction 307 14.7 Summary 308 References 309 15 Industrial Practices in Sustainability 313 K.K. Brar, Dalila Larios Martinez, Mitra Naghdi, Satinder K. Brar, Bhupinder Singh Chadha, Preetinder Singh, and Rao Y. Surampalli 15.1 Introduction 313 15.2 Causes of Environmental Deterioration 314 15.3 Effects of Environmental Degradation 315 15.4 Human-Induced Eye-Opening Environmental Incidents 318 15.5 Sustainable Development 319 15.6 Benefits of Being a Sustainable Business 320 15.7 How to Achieve Sustainable Development 321 15.8 Commitment Toward the Environment 322 15.9 Future Action Needed 335 References 336 16 Challenges of Sustainability in Agricultural Management 339 Jew Das, Srinidhi Jha, Manish Kumar Goyal, and Rao Y. Surampalli 16.1 Introduction 339 16.2 An Overview of Indian Agriculture 341 16.3 Agricultural Sustainability: Environmental, Economic and Social Perspectives 347 16.4 Challenges to Agricultural Sustainability 348 16.5 Road to Sustainable Agriculture: Possible Solutions 352 16.6 Conclusions 354 References 355 17 Food Security and Sustainability 357 Preetika Kuknur Pachapur, Vinayak Laxman Pachapur, Satinder K. Brar, Rosa Galvez, Yann Le Bihan, and Rao Y. Surampalli 17.1 Introduction 357 17.2 Food Needs 358 17.3 Population Growth 359 17.4 Impact of Climate Change on Food Security 360 17.5 International Case Studies 361 17.6 Biofuels and Food Security 364 17.7 Water-Energy-Food Security Nexus 367 17.8 Genetically Modified Foods for Food Security 368 17.9 Horizontal Gene Transfer for Food Security 369 17.10 Future Plans for Food Security 369 References 371 18 Sustainable Healthcare Systems 375 Carlos S. Osorio?Gonzalez, Krishnamoorthy Hegde, Satinder K. Brar, Antonio Avalos?Ramirez, and Rao Y. Surampalli 18.1 Introduction 375 18.2 Classification of Healthcare Systems 376 18.3 Sustainability and Healthcare Systems 377 18.4 Sustainability Challenges in Healthcare Systems 379 18.5 Categories of Sustainability in Healthcare Systems 381 18.6 Overview of Sustainable Healthcare Systems 384 18.7 Conclusion 390 References 391 19 Ethical Aspects of Sustainability 397 Anita Talan, Rajwinder Kaur, R.D. Tyagi, and Tian C. Zhang 19.1 Introduction 397 19.2 Juxtaposing Ethics, Morality and Sustainable Development 398 19.3 Approaches to Ethics 400 19.4 The Neoliberal Era and Adaptation into the Sustainability Framework 402 19.5 Global Flora and Sustainability 405 19.6 Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change: Ethical Perspective 405 19.7 Conclusions 409 References 410 20 Education and Human Resource Development for Sustainability 413 Anita Talan, and R. D Tyagi 20.1 Introduction 413 20.2 Education for Sustainability 413 20.3 Objectives of Education for Sustainable Development 416 20.4 Potential Improvements via Education for Sustainable Development 421 20.5 Global Education and Global Actions of ESD 424 20.6 Sustainability as Human Resource Development 429 20.7 HRD Indicators 432 20.8 Change in HRD for Sustainability 433 20.9 HRD Resources for Sustainable Development 434 20.10 Conclusion 435 References 436 Part III Applications 439 21 Climate Change Adaptation for Sustainable Management of Water in India: Issues and Challenges 441 Adani Azhoni 21.1 Introduction 441 21.2 Climate Change Challenges to India’s Water Management 443 21.3 Adaptation Approaches 444 21.4 Water Management Institutions and Their Role in Adaptation 449 21.5 Indian Water Institutions 450 21.6 Recent Initiatives to Address Climate Change in India 452 21.7 Adaptation for Sustainability: Two Examples 452 21.8 Discussion and Conclusion 454 References 455 22 Sustainability of Carbon Storage and Sequestration 465 Gilbert Hinge, Rao Y. Surampalli, and Manish Kumar Goyal 22.1 Introduction 465 22.2 Carbon Sources and Sinks 466 22.3 Types of Carbon Sequestration 466 22.4 Methods for Quantification of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks 468 22.5 Adaptation and Mitigation Policy for Carbon Management 475 22.6 Conclusions 479 References 479 23 Environmental Degradation and Sustainability 483 Yong Qi, Puspendu Bhunia, Tian C. Zhang, F. Luo, Pengzhi Lin, and Yu Chen 23.1 Introduction 483 23.2 Desertification and Associated Sustainable Strategies 484 23.3 Environmental Pollution and Associated Impacts 486 23.4 Snow Ablation and Glacier Retreat 491 23.5 Dams and Resettlement 492 23.6 Strategies for Sustainable Development While Addressing Environmental Pollution and Degradation 494 23.7 Future Trends 501 23.8 Conclusions 502 References 502 24 Sustainability of River Water Resources Under the Influence of Climate Change 507 Shivam Gupta and Manish Kumar Goyal 24.1 Introduction 507 24.2 Effects of Global Warming on Observed Changes 508 24.3 Water Stress - the Supply Demand Balance 510 24.4 Impacts of Climate Change on Glaciers and Mountainous Water Resources 511 24.5 Sustainable Management of River Water Resources 512 24.6 Case Studies 513 24.7 Conclusions 523 References 523 25 Sustainable Systems for Groundwater Resource Management 527 Manish Kumar Goyal, Srinidhi Jha, and Rao Y. Surampalli 25.1 Introduction 527 25.2 Occurrence and Distribution 530 25.3 Groundwater Usage in the World 533 25.4 Two Main Challenges 536 25.5 Toward Groundwater Sustainability 539 25.6 Looking for Possible Solutions: Primary Solutions 542 25.7 Intuitional and Organizational Reforms: Secondary Solutions 546 25.8 Conclusions 548 References 549 26 Sustainability and Energy Management in Facilities for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse 553 Joseph Sebastian, Pratik Kumar, Krishnamoorthy Hegde, Satinder K. Brar, Mausam Verma, and Rao Y. Surampalli 26.1 Introduction 553 26.2 Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and Reuse 554 26.3 Approaches for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and Reuse 557 26.4 Sustainable Energy Derived from Wastewater 564 26.5 Conclusions 575 References 576 27 Energy Needs for Sustainable Buildings and Transportation 583 Rehan Khan, Suchit Deshmukh, and Ritunesh Kumar 27.1 Introduction 583 27.2 Building and Energy 584 27.3 Energy for Transportation 594 27.4 Conclusions 602 References 602 28 Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Sustainability 605 Manish Kumar Goyal, Ashutosh Sharma, and Rao Y. Surampalli 28.1 Introduction 605 28.2 Remote Sensing for Earth Observation (EO) and Data Acquisition 609 28.3 Sustainable Resource Management Using Remote Sensing and GIS 612 28.4 Case Study 613 28.5 Future Perspectives 619 28.6 Conclusions 620 References 620 29 Artificial Intelligence and Computational Sustainability 627 S.K. Ram and R.D. Tyagi 29.1 Introduction 627 29.2 Basic Elements of AI Implementation 628 29.3 Concept of Computational Sustainability 629 29.4 Computational Sustainability and Ecological Preservation 631 29.5 Potential Applications of AI in Various Sectors 632 29.6 AI for UN Sustainable Development Goals 638 29.7 Challenges Associated with AI 638 29.8 AI and Its Socio?Economic Impact 641 29.9 AI for Developing Countries: A Case Study of Zimbabwe 643 29.10 Conclusions and Future Prospects 645 References 645 Index 651

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