图书简介

PART I: MECHANICS. 1. Units, Trigonometry, and Vectors. Standards of Length, Mass, and Time. The Building Blocks of Matter. Dimensional Analysis. Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures. Unit Conversions for Physical Quantities. Estimates and Order-of-Magnitude Calculations. Coordinate Systems. Trigonometry Review. Vectors. Components of a Vector. Problem-Solving Strategy. 2. Motion in One Dimension. Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration. Motion Diagrams. One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration. Freely Falling Objects. 3. Motion in Two Dimensions. Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration in Two Dimensions. Two-Dimensional Motion. Relative Velocity. 4. Newton’s Laws of Motion. Forces. The Laws of Motion. The Normal and Kinetic Friction Forces. Static Friction Forces. Tension Forces. Applications of Newton’s Laws. Two-Body Problems. 5. Energy. Work. Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem. Gravitational Potential Energy. Gravity and Nonconservative Forces. Spring Potential Energy. Systems and Energy Conservation. Power. Work Done by a Varying Force. 6. Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions. Momentum and Impulse. Conservation of Momentum. Collisions in One Dimension. Glancing Collisions. Rocket Propulsion. 7. Rotational Motion and Gravitation. Angular Velocity and Angular Acceleration. Rotational Motion Under Constant Angular Acceleration. Tangential Velocity, Tangential Acceleration, and Centripetal Acceleration. Newton’s Second Law for Uniform Circular Motion. Newtonian Gravitation. 8. Rotational Equilibrium and Dynamics. Torque. Center of Mass and its Motion. Torque and the Two Conditions for Equilibrium. The Rotational Second Law of Motion. Rotational Kinetic Energy. Angular Momentum. 9. Fluids and Solids. States of Matter. Density and Pressure. Variation of Pressure with Depth. Pressure Measurements. Buoyant Forces and Archimedes’ Principle. Fluids in Motion. Other Applications of Fluid Dynamics. Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscous Fluid Flow. Transport Phenomena. The Deformation of Solids. PART II: THERMODYNAMICS. 10. Thermal Physics. Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. Thermometers and Temperature Scales. Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids. The Ideal Gas Law. The Kinetic Theory of Gases. 11. Energy in Thermal Processes. Heat and Internal Energy. Specific Heat. Calorimetry. Latent Heat and Phase Change. Energy Transfer. Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases. 12. The Laws of Thermodynamics. Work in Thermodynamic Processes. The First Law of Thermodynamics. Thermal Processes in Gases. Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Entropy. Human Metabolism. PART III: VIBRATIONS AND WAVES. 13. Vibrations and Waves. Hooke’s Law. Elastic Potential Energy. Concepts of Oscillation Rates in Simple Harmonic Motion. Position, Velocity, and Acceleration as Functions of Time. Motion of a Pendulum. Damped Oscillations. Waves. Frequency, Amplitude, and Wavelength. The Speed of Waves on Strings. Interference of Waves. Reflection of Waves. 14. Sound. Producing a Sound Wave. Characteristics of Sound Waves. The Speed of Sound. Energy and Intensity of Sound Waves. Spherical and Plane Waves. The Doppler Effect. Interference of Sound Waves. Standing Waves. Forced Vibrations and Resonance. Standing Waves in Air Columns. Beats. Quality of Sound. The Ear. PART IV: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. 15. Electric Forces and Fields. Electric Charges, Insulators, and Conductors. Coulomb’s Law. Electric Fields. Electric Field Lines. Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium. The Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment. The Van de Graaff Generator. Electric Flux and Gauss’s Law. 16. Electrical Energy and Capacitance. Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential. Electric Potential and Potential Energy Due to Point Charges. Potentials, Charged Conductors, and Equipotential Surfaces. Applications. Capacitors. Combinations of Capacitors. Energy in a Capacitor. Capacitors with Dielectrics. 17. Current and Resistance. Electric Current. A Microscopic View: Current and Drift Speed. Current and Voltage Measurements In Circuits. Resistance, Resistivity, and Ohm’s Law. Temperature Variation of Resistance. Electrical Energy and Power. Superconductors. Electrical Activity in the Heart. 18. Direct-Current Circuits. Sources of emf. Resistors in Series. Resistors in Parallel. Kirchhoff’s Rules and Complex DC Circuits. RC Circuits. Household Circuits. Electrical Safety. Conduction of Electrical Signals by Neurons. 19. Magnetism. Magnets. Earth’s Magnetic Field. Magnetic Fields. Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field. Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor. Magnetic Torque. Ampere’s Law. Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Conductors. Magnetic Fields of Current Loops and Solenoids. Magnetic Domains. 20. Induced Voltages and Inductance. Induced emf and Magnetic Flux. Faraday’s Law of Induction and Lenz’s Law. Motional emf. Generators Self-Inductance. RL Circuits. Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field. 21. Alternating-Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves. Resistors in an AC Circuit. Capacitors in an AC Circuit. Inductors in an AC Circuit. The RLC Series Circuit. Power in an AC Circuit. Resonance in a Series RLC Circuit. The Transformer. Maxwell’s Predictions. Hertz’s Confirmation of Maxwell’s Predictions. Production of Electromagnetic Waves by an Antenna. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves. The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves. The Doppler Effect for Electromagnetic Waves. PART V: LIGHT AND OPTICS. 22. Reflection and Refraction of Light. The Nature of Light. Reflection and Refraction. The Law of Refraction. Dispersion and Prisms. The Rainbow. Huygens’ Principle. Total Internal Reflection. 23. Mirrors and Lenses. Flat Mirrors. Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors. Images Formed by Refraction. Atmospheric Refraction. Thin Lenses. Lens and Mirror Aberrations. 24. Wave Optics. Conditions for Interference. Young’s Double-Slit Experiment. Change of Phase Due to Reflection. Interference in Thin Films. Using Interference to Read CDs and DVDs. Diffraction. Single-Slit Diffraction. Diffraction Gratings. Polarization of Light Waves. 25. Optical Instruments. The Camera. The Eye. The Simple Magnifier. The Compound Microscope. The Telescope. Resolution of Single-Slit and Circular Apertures. The Michelson Interferometer. PART VI: MODERN PHYSICS 26. Relativity. Galilean Relativity. The Speed of Light. Einstein’s Principle of Relativity. Consequences of Special Relativity. Relativistic Momentum. Relative Velocity in Special Relativity. Relativistic Energy and the Equivalence of Mass and Energy. General Relativity. 27. Quantum Physics. Blackbody Radiation and Planck’s Hypothesis. The Photoelectric Effect and the Particle Theory of Light. X-Rays. Diffraction of X-Rays by Crystals. The Compton Effect. The Dual Nature of Light and Matter. The Wave Function. The Uncertainty Principle. 28. Atomic Physics. Early Models of the Atom. Atomic Spectra. The Bohr Model. Quantum Mechanics and the Hydrogen Atom. The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table. Characteristic X-Rays. Atomic Transitions and Lasers. 29. Nuclear Physics. Some Properties of Nuclei. Binding Energy. Radioactivity. The Decay Processes. Natural Radioactivity. Nuclear Reactions. Medical Applications of Radiation. 30. Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles. Nuclear Fission. Nuclear Fusion. Elementary Particles and the Fundamental Forces. Positrons and Other Antiparticles. Classification of Particles. Conservation Laws. The Eightfold Way. Quarks and Color. Electroweak Theory and the Standard Model. The Cosmic Connection. Unanswered Questions in Cosmology. Problems and Perspectives. Appendix A: Mathematics Review. Appendix B: An Abbreviated Table of Isotopes. Appendix C: Some Useful Tables. Appendix D: SI Units. Answers to Quick Quizzes, Example Questions, and Odd-Numbered Conceptual Questions and Problems. Index.

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