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TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgements Introduction: Thinking and Reflecting on Criminal Justice Issues Heith Copes and Mark Pogrebin I. POLICE A. Practitioners Reinventing the Matron: The Continued Importance of Gendered Images and Division of Labor in Modern Policing Don L. Kurtz, Travis Linnemann and L. Susan Williams Kurtz, Linnemann, and Williams examine the historical role of the police matron and how the legacy continues to define women?s status in the current police and correctional workforce. A Qualitative Assessment of Stress Perceptions among Members of Homicide Unit Dean A. Dabney, Heith Copes, Richard Tewksbury and Shila R. Hawk-Tourtelot Dabney and his co-authors conducted an ethnographic study of homicide investigations in a large urban police department and focused on those occupational factors that cause job related stress. Racialized Policing: Officers? Voices on Policing Latino and African American Neighborhoods Vera Sanchez, Claudio & Dennis Rosenbaum Vera Sanchez and Rosenbaum examine how police officers socially construct race within Latino and African American neighborhoods Vice Isn?t Nice: A Look at the Effects of Working Undercover Mark R. Pogrebin and Eric Poole Pogrebin and Poole explore the consequences of working undercover for police officers. They show that working undercover has a significant impact on how police interact with informants, criminals, other officers, and their families. Reflections of African American Women on their Careers in Urban Policing Mark R. Pogrebin, Mary Dodge, & Harold Chatman Pogrebin, Chatman, and Dodge analyze the social-organizational relationships and interactions that relegate African-American police women as outsiders within their own police department. B. Outsiders Procedural Justice and Order Maintenance Policing Jacinta Gau and Rod Brunson Gau and Brunson explore the tension between procedural justice and order maintenance policing as it affects the self-reported experiences with police by young inner-city minority youth. Urban Youth Encounters with Legitimately Oppressive Gang Enforcement Robert Duran Duran concentrates on the relationship between police and gangs in two cities where suspected gang members perceive being stopped by police as racial and ethnic profiling. Sense-making and secondary victimization Paul Stretesky, Tara O?Connor Shelley, Michael J. Hogan, and N. Prabha Unnithan Stretesky, Shelley, Hogan, and Unnithan examine the perceptions of the families of cold-case homicide victims to determine their interactions and relationship with law enforcement detectives assigned to their case. Victims? Voices: Domestic Assault Victims? Perceptions of Police Demeanor Joyce Stephens and Peter G. Sinden Stephens and Sinden present the voices of domestic assault victims by eliciting their perspectives about and experiences with the mandatory arrest policy and police demeanor. We Trust You, But Not That Much: Examining Police-Black Clergy Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence Rod K. Brunson, Anthony Braga, David Hureau, and Kashea Pegram Brunson and colleagues offer an understanding of the role police and black clergy play in formulation partnership in an attempt to improve community based crime prevention. II. JUDICIAL A. Practitioners Representing the Underdog: The Righteous Development of Death Penalty Defense Attorneys Sarah Goodrum, Mark Pogrebin, and Matthew W. Greife Goodrum, Pogrebin and Greife explore the development and motivations of death penalty defense lawyers and the life experiences that lead them to this professional calling. How can you Prosecute those People? Paul Butler Butler, a former federal prosecutor discusses the debate about the ethics of defense work with that of prosecutor?s work and examines the problematic aspects of the prosecution role. 3. Calling Your Bluff: How Prosecutors and Defense Attorneys Adapt Plea Bargaining Strategies to Increased Formalization. Deidra Bowen In this article, Rowen focuses on new types of plea-bargaining models as compared to the more traditional models in the past. 4. Examining the Death Penalty Insiders Perspective: Capital Bench and Bar Interviews Sherri DioGuardi DioGuardi examines experienced capital judicial participants (defense lawyers, prosecutors and judges) thoughts concerning the existence and use of the death penalty. 5. Maintaining the Myth of Individualized Justice: Probation Presentence Reports John Rosecrance In this article, Rosecrance argues that probation pre-sentence reports emphasize some offender characteristics more than others. He explains how a stereotyping process is used by officers who write these reports and how current offense and prior criminal history determine a pre-scripted sentencing recommendation. B. Outsiders Preparing to Testify: Rape Survivors Negotiating the Criminal Justice Process Amanda Konradi Konradi focuses on how victims of sexual assault prepare themselves for court appearances. She also discusses survivors? views of the criminal justice process. Expecting an Ally and Getting a Prosecutor Sarah Goodrum Goodrum explores, through an interactionist perspective, the families of homicide victims? experiences with prosecutors and the criminal court system. Female Recidivists Speak about their Experience in Drug Courts while Engaging in Appreciative Inquiry Michael Fischer, Brenda Geiger, and Mary Ellen Hughes Fischer, Geiger, and Hughes study woman drug-court program participants? perceptions and evaluations of their current and past experiences while in the program. Jurors? Views of Civil Lawyers: Implications for Courtroom Communication Valerie P. Hans and Krista Sweigert Hans and Sweigert?s focus on the decision-making process of jurors serving on civil court trials and their opinions of trial lawyers? courtroom behavior and communication skills. Engaging with Criminal Prosecution: The Victim?s Perspective Melissa E. Dichter, Catherine Cerulli, Catherine L. Kothari, Francis K. Barg, and Karin V. Rhodes These authors examine the barriers women who are victims of intimate partner violence face when participating with the prosecution as the most important witness in the court in their case. III. CORRECTIONS A. Practitioners Accounts of Prison Work Stan Stojkovic In his field study of prison correctional officers and their working environments, Stojkovic explores the accounts provided by officers when discussing their relations with prisoners, administrators and their officer peers. Sense-making in Prison: Inmate Identity as a Working Understanding John Riley Riley?s study observes the ways correctional officers in a maximum security prison formulate, communicate, and justify a shared understanding of the identity of inmates under their supervision. Gender and Occupational Culture Conflict: A Study of Women Jail Officers Eric Poole and Mark R. Pogrebin Poole and Pogrebin offer a female perspective of sheriffs? deputy corrections work in county jails. They discuss the various work-related issues that woman jailers face in their occupational role in a male dominated organization. Criers, Liars, and Manipulators: Probation Officers? Views of Girls Emily Gaarder, Nancy Rodriguez & Marjorie S. Zatz In this study, the authors analyze the perceptions on female juveniles held by professionals involved in the juvenile court decision-making process. Construction of Meaning During Training for Probation and Parole John Crank Crank examines the ideological changes in the training environment of probation and parole officers when a more punitive model of treatment for offenders was instituted in a peace officer training program in one state. B. Outsiders Denial of Parole: An Inmate Perspective Mary West-Smith, Mark R. Pogrebin and Eric D. Poole West-Smith, Pogrebin, and Poole examine parole decision-making from the point of view of those inmates who have been denied an early release by the parole board. How Registered Sex Offenders View Registries Richard Tewksbury Tewksbury assess the perceptions of sex offender registrants regarding the value of having these registries as a method of deterring future sex offense and maintaining public safety. Keeping Families Together: The Importance of Maintaining Mother-Child Contact for Incarcerated Women Zoann K. Snyder Snyder?s research examines incarcerated mothers? attempts at maintaining relationships with their children through a visitation program. Employment Isn?t Enough: Financial Obstacles Experienced by Ex-Prisoners During the Reentry Process Mark R. Pogrebin, Mary West-Smith, Alexandra Walker, and N. Prabha Unnithan Once released to the community ex-prisoners face monetary debts incurred prior to their incarceration together with their mandated fees required by parole, which place them in an untenable financial situation. Navigating the Job Search after Incarceration: The Experiences of Work-Release Participants Andrea Cantora Cantora examines women who are residing in a community corrections facility and focused her observation on the difficulties they experience during their job search.

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