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Preface: ; 1. The Relevance of Understanding Human Behavioral Evolution; Theories and Hypotheses about Behavioral Evolution: Why Are They Relevant?; Evolution Is Frequently Misunderstood: ; We Need to Understand Who We Are: ; Practical Issues such as Medicine and Public Health Can Benefit from an Understanding of Behavioral Evolution: ; Misunderstanding Human Behavioral Evolution Can Result in Potentially Dangerous Ideas: ; A Simple Example of Behavioral Evolution; Mutation: ; Gene Flow: ; Genetic Drift: ; Selection: ; Development: ; Why Give This Example?: ; 2. Why We Behave Like Humans: Historical Perspectives and Basal Assumptions; Charles Darwin and the Descent of Man; Alfred Russel Wallace and the Evolution of the Mind; Between Darwin and Sociobiology; Spencer, Baldwin, and Morgan: Biology, Psychology, and the Behavioral Evolution of the Human Mind: ; The Modern Synthesis: ; Washburns’ New Physical Anthropology, and the Emergence of an Evolutionary Anthropology of Behavior: ; Tinbergen’s Four Questions and Their Impact on the Understanding of Behavior: ; The Revolution of Sociobiology, Kin Selection, and Selfish Genes: The New Synthesis; Hamilton and Kin Selection: ; Robert Trivers and Reciprocal Altruism: ; E.O. Wilson, Evolutionary Sociobiology and the Autocatalysis Model: ; Dawkins and the Selfish Gene: ; Suggested Readings; 3. Modern Perspectives for Understanding Human Behavioral Evolution: A Review of Basic Assumptions, Structures, and Practice; Human Behavioral Ecology; Basic Overview of HBE: ; Evolutionary Psychology; The Adapted Mind; Goals and Methods: ; Contrast with SSSM Specific Approach: ; Gene-Culture Coevolution (or Dual Inheritance Theory); Memetics; Summing Up; Suggested Readings; 4. Basic Bones and Stones: What Do We Know About the Record of Human Evolution (as of 2008)?; Comparative Primatology Establishes a Baseline for Human Behavior; Very Brief Summary of Human Fossil Record (~5mya-present); The Early Australopithecines: ; The Pleistocene Hominins: ; The Genus Homo; Very Brief Summary of the Cultural Record and Behavioral Inferences (~2.6mya-present); Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene Forms: ; Pleistocene Hominins--Early: ; Pleistocene Hominins--Late: ; Suggested Readings; 5. A Survey of Hypotheses and Proposals of Why We Behave Like Humans; Why Select These Proposals?; Summaries of Specific Hypotheses/Proposals; Suggested Readings; 6. Discussing the Proposals; The Comparison Tables; A Brief Discussion on Shared Components and Differences in the Six Basic Categories; Cooperation: ; Conflict: ; Food: ; Environmental and Ecological Pressures: ; Sex and Reproduction: ; Specific Behavioral Factors: ; Of Trends and Patterns; Suggested Readings; 7. Twenty-First Century Evolutionary Theory/Biology and Thinking about the Evolution of Human Behavior; Adding to Our Toolkit--Using Four Dimensions of Evolution; Revisiting Tinbergen’s Ontogenetic Why; Four Other Approaches in Evolutionary Biology/Theory; Phenotypic Plasticity and Ecological Impact/Context: Moving Beyond Norms of Reaction: ; Developmental Systems Theory: ; Niche Construction: ; Biocultural Approaches to Studying Modern Humans: ; Can Adding These Perspectives to Existing Practice (as Outlined in Chapters 2 and 3) Impact the Way We Formulate and Test Hypotheses/Conceptualizations of Human Behavioral Evolution?; What Practices and Perspectives Should Be Removed or De-emphasized?: ; What Practices and/or Perspectives Cross All of These Categories?: ; What Perspectives Should Be Expanded?: ; Suggested Readings; 8. A Synthesis and Prospectus for Examining Human Behavioral Evolution; A Set of Modest Proposals Emerging from Chapters 1 to 7: Seeking the Broad and the Minute Foci; Looking at the Areas of Overlap and Interest from Chapter 6; Cooperation Commonalities: ; Cooperation Factors that Deserve Further Examination: ; Conflict Commonalities: ; Conflict Factors that Deserve Further Examination: ; Diet/Food Commonalities: ; Diet/Food Factors that Deserve Further Examination: ; Ecology/Environment Commonalities: ; Ecology/Environment Factors that Deserve Further Examination: ; Sex/Reproduction Commonalities:: ; Sex/Reproduction Factors that Deserve Further Examination: ; Specific Behavior Commonalities: ; Specific Behavior Factors that Deserve Further Examination: ; A Modest Proposal for a General Framework of Our Evolutionary History; Between Approximately 2 Million Years and 500,000 Years Ago: ; 500,000-45,000 Years Ago (Give or Take 10,000 Years): ; 45,000 Years Ago Through Today: ; 9. Problem of Being a Modern Human and Looking at Our Evolution; Benefits and Flaws in this Prospectus; Merging Approaches and Perspectives: ; How Do We Test This and Why Are Testable Hypotheses Important?: ; The Difficulties We Encounter When Reconstructing Our Evolutionary Path and Its Underlying Causes/Patterns; Basic Educational and Paradigmatic Biases and the Problems These Bring: ; Human Niche Construction Matters: ; Everyday Life, Gender, and Cultural Anthropology Matter: ; Epilogue: Anthropology, Science, and People; Some Notes on the Value of Integrative Anthropological Approaches; Getting Past Conflicts between Researchers Studying Human Behavioral Evolution; The Importance of Understanding the Relationships between Religion, Science, Politics, and Explanations for the Evolution of Humanity; Appendix: Related Titles for Further Reference: ; Glossary: ; Bibliography: ; Index:

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