The book goes from the theoretical basis of UWB sensors to implementations issues, to many application examples, bridging the gap between narrowband and wideband thinking and between UWB sensor designers and appliers. It is organized in 6 chapters. In the first chapter, we introduce the UWB-term, give a short historical overview of the UWB-techniques, and consider some aspects of information gathering by UWB sensors from a general point of view. The second chapter reviews basic aspects of signal and system theory focused on topics of wideband systems. This involves the definition of common signal and system parameters and characteristic functions in time and frequency domain, on overview of important wideband signals as well as a discussion of deterministic and random errors.The working principles of the various UWB-sensor approaches are considered in chapter 3. It covers the basics on generating and gathering very wideband signals as well as fundamental measurement circuitry. The different UWB-approaches are usually designated by the type of sounding signal which is applied. Here, we will distinguish between pulse, pseudo random code, sine wave and random noise based sensor conceptions.Chapter 4 discusses specific aspects of UWB-radar respectively remote sensing. In generalized terms, it means the investigation of distributed systems and scenarios which extends the considerations in chapter 2 on systems with a finite number of lumped ports to scenarios with a theoretically infinite number of measurement positions. Some important differences between narrowband and UWB-radar are analyzed. Obtaining an intuitive idea on how UWB-radar works, we deal with a very elementary and simplified understanding of wave propagation. Furthermore, we discuss some issues of resolution limits and sensitivity. We have aimed to systematize the various approaches of UWB-imaging and have introduced characteristic values and functions in the time domain in order to quantify UWB-antennas. The fifth chapter summarizes basics on electromagnetic wave propagation. Up to this point, the vector nature of the electromagnetic field, dispersion, interaction with matter etc. was omitted. We catch up in this chapter to help the reader assess the validity of the simplified approaches considered in chapter 4 in case of a specific application.The book closes by discussing application examples over a very wide range of fields to convey the future potential of such sensors such as Geology, Archaeology, Non-destructive testing, Metrology, Microwave imaging, Quality control, Inspection of buildings, Medical engineering, Search and rescue, Localization and positioning, Ranging, Collision avoidance, Law enforcement, Intrusion detection, Forensic science, Assistance of handicapped people, and Labor protection. We only refer to a few examples but they originate from quite different sensing topics in order to give the reader an idea about future applications of UWB-sensing. Some useful mathematical rule, specific considerations and the applied symbols are summarized in appendices.

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